Used To

FORM
[used to + VERB]

Example:

I used to go to the beach every day.
It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences using Simple Past.

USE 1 Habit in the Past


"Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now.

Examples:

Jerry used to study English.
Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer.
I used to start work at 9 o'clock.
Christine used to eat meat, but now she is a vegetarian.
USE 2 Past Facts and Generalizations


"Used to" can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.

Examples:

I used to live in Paris.
Sarah used to be fat, but now she is thin.
George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is the best.
Oranges used to cost very little in Florida, but now they are quite expensive.
"Used to" vs. Simple Past
Both Simple Past and "Used to" can be used to describe past habits, past facts and past generalizations; however, "used to" is preferred when emphasizing these forms of past repetition in positive sentences. On the other hand, when asking questions or making negative sentences, Simple Past is preferred.

Examples:

You used to play the piano.
Did you play the piano when you were young?
You did not play the piano when you were young.

Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going to have been doing." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Will"
[will have been + present participle]

Examples:

You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To"
[am/is/are + going to have been + present participle]

Examples:

You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Perfect Continuous with little or no difference in meaning.

Complete List of Future Perfect Continuous Forms
USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Future


We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous; however, with Future Perfect Continuous, the duration stops at or before a reference point in the future.

Examples:

They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.
She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes.
James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia.
How long will you have been studying when you graduate?
We are going to have been driving for over three days straight when we get to Anchorage.
A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for over a year?
B: No, I will not have been living here that long.
Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because these future events are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Future


Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect.

Examples:

Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.
Claudia's English will be perfect when she returns to Germany because she is going to have been studying English in the United States for over two years.
Future Continuous vs. Future Perfect Continuous
If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Future Continuous rather than the Future Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Future Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Future Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the future. Study the examples below to understand the difference.

Examples:

He will be tired because he will be exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he will be exercising at that exact moment in the future.
He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he will have been exercising for a period of time. It is possible that he will still be exercising at that moment OR that he will just have finished.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous is used.

Examples:

You won't get a promotion until you will have been working here as long as Tim. Not Correct
You won't get a promotion until you have been working here as long as Tim. Correct
AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Future Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Future Perfect .

Examples:

Ned will have been having his driver's license for over two years. Not Correct
Ned will have had his driver's license for over two years. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You will only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives.
Will you only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives?
You are only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives.
Are you only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. Active
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. Passive
The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. Active
The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. Passive
NOTE: Passive forms of the Future Perfect Continuous are not common.

Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going to have been doing." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Will"
[will have been + present participle]

Examples:

You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To"
[am/is/are + going to have been + present participle]

Examples:

You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Perfect Continuous with little or no difference in meaning.

Complete List of Future Perfect Continuous Forms
USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Future


We use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous; however, with Future Perfect Continuous, the duration stops at or before a reference point in the future.

Examples:

They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.
She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes.
James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia.
How long will you have been studying when you graduate?
We are going to have been driving for over three days straight when we get to Anchorage.
A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for over a year?
B: No, I will not have been living here that long.
Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked in italics) are in Simple Present rather than Simple Future. This is because these future events are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Future


Using the Future Perfect Continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect.

Examples:

Jason will be tired when he gets home because he will have been jogging for over an hour.
Claudia's English will be perfect when she returns to Germany because she is going to have been studying English in the United States for over two years.
Future Continuous vs. Future Perfect Continuous
If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Future Continuous rather than the Future Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Future Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Future Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the future. Study the examples below to understand the difference.

Examples:

He will be tired because he will be exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he will be exercising at that exact moment in the future.
He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he will have been exercising for a period of time. It is possible that he will still be exercising at that moment OR that he will just have finished.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Future Perfect Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Future Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect Continuous is used.

Examples:

You won't get a promotion until you will have been working here as long as Tim. Not Correct
You won't get a promotion until you have been working here as long as Tim. Correct
AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Future Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Future Perfect .

Examples:

Ned will have been having his driver's license for over two years. Not Correct
Ned will have had his driver's license for over two years. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You will only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives.
Will you only have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives?
You are only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives.
Are you only going to have been waiting for a few minutes when her plane arrives?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. Active
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. Passive
The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. Active
The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished. Passive
NOTE: Passive forms of the Future Perfect Continuous are not common.

EJEMPLOS EN CLASE

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

Examples:

Cats like milk.
Birds do not like milk.
Do pigs like milk?
California is in America.
California is not in the United Kingdom.
Windows are made of glass.
Windows are not made of wood.
New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future


Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.

Examples:

The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
When do we board the plane?
The party starts at 8 o'clock.
When does class begin tomorrow?
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)


Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

Examples:

I am here now.
She is not here now.
He needs help right now.
He does not need help now.
He has his passport in his hand.
Do you have your passport with you?
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You only speak English.
Do you only speak English?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active
Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. Passive

EJEMPLOS EN CLASE

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

Examples:

Cats like milk.
Birds do not like milk.
Do pigs like milk?
California is in America.
California is not in the United Kingdom.
Windows are made of glass.
Windows are not made of wood.
New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future


Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.

Examples:

The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
When do we board the plane?
The party starts at 8 o'clock.
When does class begin tomorrow?
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)


Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

Examples:

I am here now.
She is not here now.
He needs help right now.
He does not need help now.
He has his passport in his hand.
Do you have your passport with you?
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You only speak English.
Do you only speak English?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active
Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. Passive

Simple Present

daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Examples:

I play tennis.
She does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
The train does not leave at 9 AM.
When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.
He never forgets his wallet.
Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
Does the Sun circle the Earth?

Simple Present

daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Examples:

I play tennis.
She does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
The train does not leave at 9 AM.
When does the train usually leave?
She always forgets her purse.
He never forgets his wallet.
Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
Does the Sun circle the Earth?

Futuro

Existen dos formas básicas de crear el futuro en Inglés. La primera es utilizar la palabra "will" delante del verbo en infinitivo, por ejemplo "I will run", que significa "Yo correré". La segunda es colocar "going to" seguido, al igual que en "will", del verbo en infinitivo, pero además se debe colocar delante de "going to" el verbo "to be" conjugado, por ejemplo "I am going to run", que sería "Yo voy a correr". El primer caso es generalmente utilizado cuando es una acción que se decide en el momento y promesas, mientras que el segundo está más relacionado a planes e intenciones.


Sarah: These bags are heavy (Estas bolsas son pesadas)

Tom: I will help you (Te ayudaré)

Sarah: I am going to buy food tomorrow (Compraré alimento mañana)


Para la negación simplemente se agrega la palabra "not". En el caso de "will" se coloca delante ("I will not help you") y en "going to" detràs ("I am 'not' going to").


Will puede ser abreviado como 'll, por ejemplo: I'll help you.

I'll - I will
you'll - you will
she'll - she will
he'll - he will
we'll - we will
they'll - they will



Will not se abrevia como won't, por ejemplo: I won't help you.




Will
El futuro, en los verbos castellanos, tiene sus complicaciones. ¡Esto no ocurre en inglés! Anteponga will a la forma verbal y sanseacabó. Así, He goes home (él va a casa) es, en futuro, He will go home (él irá a casa).



Shall
Lo mismo que will, shall auxilia al verbo para indicar el futuro. Esta forma se utiliza generalmente para las primeras personas, singular y plural (Yo, Nosotros), mientras will se deja para los restantes.
WILL o SHALL, delante de una forma verbal cualquiera, significan que está en futuro.



I shall go (Yo iré)
You will go (Tú irás, usted irá)
He, she, it will go (El, ella, ello irá)
We shall go (Nosotros iremos)
You will go (Vosotros iréis, ustedes irán)
They will go (Ellos, ellas irán)
En las gramáticas inglesas fijan las siguientes reglas para formar el futuro:
a) Cuando la acción que se ha de expresar en futuro indica mero porvenir, o sea, cuya realización no depende del que habla, se utiliza:

SHALL para I, we.
WILL para you, he, she, it, you, they.
b) Cuando la acción que se ha de expresar en futuro indica voluntad de hacer, o sea, cuya realización depende del que habla, se utiliza:

WILL para I, we.
SHALL para you, he, she, it, you, they.
c) El futuro debe indicarse con el auxiliar will o shall y el infinitivo del verbo principal, del que ha de eliminar la partícula to (partícula que indica precisamente el infinitivo. Así, to be equivale a nuestro ser; to go, ir; to have, tener, etc.).

d) Para formar el futuro en las frases interrogativas, negativas e interrogativo-negativas, debe proceder así:

1. Si la frase es interrogativa, el pronombre ha de ir entre will o shall y el verbo principal:
Will they go to New York? (¿Irán -ellos- a Nueva York?)

2. Si la frase es negativa, la partícula not va detrás de will o shall, y sigue luego el verbo principal:
They will not go to New York (Ellos no irán a Nueva York)

3. Si la frase es interrogativo-negativa, se inicia con el auxiliar will o shall', sigue el pronombre y luego la partícula not que antecede al verbo principal:
Will they not go to New York? (¿No irán ellos a Nueva York?)




Futuro realizado
Nuestro ir a se traduce en inglés por to be going to (estar yendo a)
Con to be going to expresamos ese futuro que está bajo nuestro absoluto control, un porvenir en el bolsillo de uno, porque todo lo tiene previsto y ni nadie ni nada puede impedir que sea realidad en su día.
I am going to New York next month
Quede bien entendido, pues, que un inglés usará la forma continua del verbo to go (going to...) para expresar futuro realizado y se entenderá por realizada toda expresión de porvenir en la que deba manifestar el que habla la seguridad absoluta de su posterior realizacion.
Y ¿que ocurre cuando no tenemos esta seguridad?
Es ahora cuando vuelven a intervenir los auxiliares shall y will.



Analisis de SHALL y WILL.
a) Simple porvenir
I shall
you will
he will
we shall
you will
they will
b) Voluntad, orden o promesa

I will
you shall
he shall
we will
you shall
they shall
Si solamente quiero afirmar una cosa que sucederá en el porvenir; algo que no depende de mi voluntad sino de la de los otros (como sería, por ejemplo, que me llevaran en lugar de ir por mi cuenta), habré de decir en inglés:
I SHALL BE in Sevilla tomorrow (Mañana estaré en Sevilla)
Pero si es una determinación mía el ir a Sevilla y el estar en Sevilla mañana, en inglés debo decir:
I WILL BE in Sevilla tomorrow (Mañana estaré en Sevilla)
Raziel Will be in love with you for ever!

Adverbios con el pasado simple

Adverbios con el pasado simple
Frase Adverbio
I went to Madrid
Fui a Madrid yesterday. ayer
last week. la semana pasada
last month etc el mes pasado
recently recientamente

Para decir "hace cuanto tiempo" usamos AGO 2 days ago hace 2 días
2 weeks ago hace 2 semanas
5 years ago hace 5 años
a long time ago hace mucho tiempo

Para decir "durante cuanto tiempo" usamos FOR for 2 weeks durante 2 semanas
for 5 months durante 5 meses

Notas:

A menudo el adverbio va al final de la frase pero no siempre.



Ej.

Two weeks ago, I went to the cinema

I went to the cinema two weeks ago

Adverbios con el pasado simple

Adverbios con el pasado simple
Frase Adverbio
I went to Madrid
Fui a Madrid yesterday. ayer
last week. la semana pasada
last month etc el mes pasado
recently recientamente

Para decir "hace cuanto tiempo" usamos AGO 2 days ago hace 2 días
2 weeks ago hace 2 semanas
5 years ago hace 5 años
a long time ago hace mucho tiempo

Para decir "durante cuanto tiempo" usamos FOR for 2 weeks durante 2 semanas
for 5 months durante 5 meses

Notas:

A menudo el adverbio va al final de la frase pero no siempre.



Ej.

Two weeks ago, I went to the cinema

I went to the cinema two weeks ago

INTERROGATIVA

How to make a question
in the simple past.



Question Word Auxiliary Subject Verb (infinitive) Adverbial
When
Why
How
Where
etc. did I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
John go to the beach yesterday

INTERROGATIVA

How to make a question
in the simple past.



Question Word Auxiliary Subject Verb (infinitive) Adverbial
When
Why
How
Where
etc. did I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
John go to the beach yesterday

NEGATIVE PAST

How to make a negative sentence
in the simple past.



Subject Auxiliary Verb
(infinitive) Adverbial
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
John did not
didn't
go to the beach yesterday

NEGATIVE PAST

How to make a negative sentence
in the simple past.



Subject Auxiliary Verb
(infinitive) Adverbial
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
John did not
didn't
go to the beach yesterday

SIMPLE PAST

How to make an affirmative sentence
in the simple past
Subject Verb
(past form) Adverbial
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
John went to the beach yesterday

A: HI GLORIA ?, THIS IS ABEL HOW ARE YOU DOING?
B: I VERY WELL? HOW ABOUT YOU?
A: I M A LITTLE BUSY NOW, I CAN T TALK RIGHT NOW, I COOKING NOW.
B: OH OKEY, I WILL CALL BACK.
A: HAVE A WONDERFUL DAY
B: GOOD BYE

A: HELLO STEVE? THIS IS JACKIE.
B: HI , HOW ARE YOU DOING?
A: PRETTY GOOD, HOW ABOUT YOU?
B: OKEY, LISTEN, I CAN T TALK RIGHT NOW
A: I M TAKING A SHOWER
B: OH, OKEY. I WIIL CALL BACK LATER
A: SPEAK TO YOU SOON.
B: GOOD BYE.

WHERE ARE YOU GOING?
A: HI, HOW ARE YOU TODAY?
B: FINE, WHAT ABOUT YOU?
A: VERY WELL.
B: WHERE ARE YOU GOING?
A: TO THE PARTY.
B: HOW ABOUT YOU?
A. I WIL GO AT HOME.
B: NICE SEING YOU.
A: NICE SEING YOU TOO.

Marketing research
I had to yo tenia que which cual
research investigacion to bring a letter traer una carta
about de, acerca de verify verificar
market mercado didn't come no veniamos
decide decidir another otra
we were going to ibamos a… to spy on para espiar
make hacer prices precios
say / said decir / dijeron had to go back tener que regresar
compare comparar when we got the cuando tuvimos
prices precios We came back regresamos
interviews entrevistas begin / began empezar / empezamos
to know saber find / found encotrar / encontramos
sold vendido finish / finished terminar / terminamos
step paso write them escribirlas / los
preferences preferencias notebooks libretas
about de interviews entrevistas
begin / began empezar / empezamos clients clientes
propose proponer everyone cada quien
choose / chose escoger / escogimos each one of us cadauno de nosotros
use usar about cerca de
why porque people personas
if si interviewed entrevistados / as
find encontrar we would have to… tendriamos que…
would you buy compraria answer / answered contestar / contestaron
think creer kindly amablemente
ready listo didn't accept no aceptaron
first primero they said dijeron
to do that para hacer eso they had no time no tenian tiempo
get permission consegir permiso anyway de cualquier forma
manager gerente these were estos fueron
from the results los resultados
didn't want prefer preferir
although
we told him
school task

INGLES

NOSOTROS HEMOS MIRADO COMO HACER CONVERZACIONES BASICAS PARA IDENTIFICARNOS.

CONVERSATION 1

A: HOLA, I M ABEL.
B: HI ABEL I M LUCY.
A: NICE TO MEET YOU LUCY.
B: NICE TO MEET YOU TOO.